Karachi City Profile by Directory Pakistan.

Introduction to City:
Karachi city and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country’s largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karachi is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea immediately northwest of the Indus River delta. The city has been variously called Caranjee, Crochey, Krotchey, Currachee, and Kurrachee, all of which are believed to be variants of the same name. In the 18th century it was known as Kalachi-jo-Goth,meaning “the village of Kalachi” (Kalachi being the name of an eastwhile head of the settlement). The impetus to Karachi’s development originally came from its role as the port serving the Indus River valley and the Punjan region of British India. The development of air travel subsequently increased Karachi’s importance. It is also the port serving the landlocked country of Afghanistan. Area city, 228 square miles (591 square km); Greater Karachi, 560 square miles (1,450 square km). Pop. (2017) city, 14,916,456; (2018 est.) urban agglom., 15,400,000. Karachi is a huge city and an administrative division of Sindh Province. The Karachi division is officially divided into five districts, which are further sub-divided into eighteen towns that are administered by the city government, and six military cantonments which are administered by the Pakistan Army. For the purposes of this guide, the six military cantonments have been incorporated into their respective districts.

 
Physical and Human Geography:
Karachi Harbour, on the shores of which the city is situated, is a safe and beautiful natural harbour. It is protected from storms by Kiamāri Island, Manora Island, and Oyster Rocks, which together block the greater part of the harbour entrance in the west. A low-lying coastal strip runs along the shore of the harbour. Away from the coast, the ground rises gently to the north and east to form a large plain, from 5 to 120 feet (1.5 to 37 metres) above sea level, on which the city of Karachi is built. The Malīr River, a seasonal stream, passes through the eastern part of the city, and the Layāri River, also seasonal, runs through the most densely populated northern section. Some ridges and isolated hills occur in the north and east; Mango Pīr, the highest elevation, is 585 feet high. The 560 square miles that constituted the Federal Capital Area of Pakistan in 1948 are considered, for all practical purposes, to form the Karachi metropolitan area. Almost half of the area is occupied by the city and its suburbs, and the surrounding 332 square miles consist of agricultural land and waste land.

Strategic Importance of Karachi:
‘Karachi’s importance transcends geographical boundaries Karachi has a unique strategic importance with regards to its location, human resources and investment opportunities, not only for Pakistan, but for the entireregion. This waswhy instability in Karachi translates into serious adverse effects for the rest of the country. This was said by Sindh Governor Dr IshtratulEbad.
He said Karachi was bigger than 80 countries of the world in terms of population and this was why its problems were also of a greater magnitude. “People from all sections and linguistic groups live in Karachi, due to which its issues are variable and unique in nature and have ethnic, sectarian and linguistic undertones,” he said.

Climate of Karachi:
Karachi has pleasantweather for the greater part of the year. May and June are the hottest months, when the mean maximum temperature is about 93 °F (34 °C). Spells of enervating weather occasionally prevail in May and October, during which the temperature shoots up to 105 °F (41 °C). The coolest months are January and February, during which the mean minimum temperature remains about 56 °F (13 °C). A biting north wind occasionally blows in these months, during which the temperature may drop to 40 °F (4 °C). The relative humidity  varies from 58 percent in October, the driest month, to 82 percent in August, the wettest month. The
average rainfall is 8 inches (203 mm); most of the rain falls during a total of 9 or 10 days in the months of June, July, and August.
 
 Karachi and Pollution:
The city faces pollution problems. High humidity in the region does not permit evaporation of stagnant water in some places, while fumes from factories and automobiles contribute to air pollution, in spite of land and sea breezes.
 
The most striking aspect of Karachi’s layout is the west-to-east parallel alignment of the four arterial roads—Nishter Road (formerly called Lawrence Road), Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road (formerly Bandar Road), Shahrah-e-Liaquat (Frere Road), and I.I. Chundrigar Road (McCleod Road). Beginning at Mereweather Tower in the vicinity of the port, these roads run through the centre of the city. Several roads, such as Napier Road, Dr. Zia-ud-din Ahmed Road (Kutchery Road), and Garden Road, cut perpendicularly across these arteries from north to south.

 
Land Pattern:
The land-use pattern of the city is complex. In the central area, the preponderance of residential property tends to form a matrix within which all other functions are distributed. There is, however, a marked concentration of commercial buildings at the western ends of M.A. Jinnah Road and I.I. Chundrigar Road. Wholesale businesses are located in the old town, retail businesses along M.A. Jinnah Road and in Saddar Bazar, and the government offices on Shahrah-e-Liaquat, near Saddar. The outer areas are dominated by dormitory suburbs interspersed with a scattering of cantonments (military quarters), agricultural tracts, saltworks, airports, railway stations, and marshaling yards. The city proper has old and decayed buildings, occupied by members of the middle and lower income groups. Farther from the city centre are modern bungalows occupied by richer persons; the outer zone is occupied by workers. Karachi has a variety of types of buildings. The central area contains apartment bungalows, barracks, and multistoried buildings; the outer areas are characterized by bungalows, blocks of flats, and quarters (streets of small houses). Buildings of the British period were constructed with stone in Western styles of architecture; other stone buildings in the central city show a blending of Eastern and Western styles and have towers, domes, pillars, arches, hanging balconies, and rectangular courtyards.

Population of Karachi:
The city, which once comprised primarily Sindhis and the Baloch, is now made up of several ethnic groups. The most numerous are Urdu -speaking muhājirs, Muslims who left India as a result of the 1947 partition. Punjabis and Pashtuns have sizable communities in Karachi as well. There are also communities of Black African ancestry, called “Makranis” and “Sheedis,” whose ancestors were taken from Africa to Karachi in the Indian slave trade. The population is almost entirely Muslim, but there are small Christian, Hindu, Parsi, Buddhist, and Jain minorities. Some of the members of the Christian minority are of Indo-Pakistani origin, while others are descended from Portuguese or other European countries.

Economy of Karachi:
Industry:
Textiles and footwear are the principal items manufactured, followed by such items as metal products, food and beverages, paper and printing, wood and furniture, machinery, chemicals and petroleum, leather and rubber, and electrical goods. Karachi is also an important centre for handicrafts and cottage industries that produce handloomed cloth, lace, carpets, articles made ofbrass and bell metal (an alloy of copper and tin), pottery, leather goods, and gold and silver embroidery. Karachi handles the entire seaborne trade of Pakistan and of landlocked Afghanistan. Finance Sector There are more than 25 banks in Karachi that have branches throughout Pakistan; these include the State Bank of Pakistan, the Habib Bank Ltd., the National Bank of Pakistan, the United Bank Ltd., the Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan, and the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan. The city is also the centre of about two dozen insurance companies, which play an important role in the economic development of the country by investing large sums in powerdevelopment, housing programs, joint-stock companies, government loan securities, and savings certificates. Karachi Stock Exchange: Karachi has a stock exchange that handles nearly all of the transactions in government securities and in the shares of most of the important industrial and financial institutions.

Transportation:
The Karachi-Peshāwar highway links the city with the interior of Pakistan, while the Karachi-Ormāra highway extends along the coast. The Karachi-to-Zāhedān highway connects it with Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Express roads radiate from the city centre, while feeder roads connect the express roads with local streets. Karachi is the terminus of Pakistan’s railway system, which mainly serves to transport goods between Karachi and the interior. There are also passenger trains, as well as a circular railway that skirts the city on the north and the east, for commuter traffic and the transport of goods between the port and the industrial areas. Jinnah International Airport provides international service. The port of Karachi is one of the busiest east of Suez.
 
Administration and Society
Government:
The city and much of its surrounding area are administrated by Karachi Metropolitan Corporation, headed by a mayor elected among its members, and six district municipal
corporations, whose elected chairs are members of the metropolitan corporation. The government of Sindh province maintains oversight over these elected bodies, including some budgetary discretion and the ability to fill vacancies by appointment. The Korangi-Lāndhi and Drigh-Malīr municipal committees were established in 1966 and 1970, respectively, to provide civic facilities to the suburban areas developed after 1947. The Karachi Cantonment Board is the administrative body for the areas where the military are quartered. The Karachi Port Trustadministers the affairs of the port and is entrusted with the development and maintenance of the harbour
 
Municipal Services:
The three main sources of the city’s water supply are Lake Hāleji, 55 miles (90 km) away, fed by the Indus River; wells that have been sunk in the dry bed of the Malīr River, 18 miles away; and Lake Kalri, 60 miles away, also fed by the Indus waters. Although the city’s water mains stretch for many miles, some of the outer areas, such as Lāndhi, Malīr, New Karachi, and Mauripur, still have an accute water shortage.
K-Electric (formerly Karachi Electric Supply Corporation) is responsible for electricity services. It has several power stations located in the city; these stations use natural gas, diesel oil, or both. A nuclear power station is operated at Paradise Point. Most municipal services are carried out by the district municipal corporations and the government of Sindh. Services include refuse collection, night soil removal, dog catching, and antimalarial and antifly operations. Sweepers are employed to clean the streets. Sewage is disposed of by two underground drainage systems, and there are three sewage treatment plants, one serving the city proper and two serving the outlying areas.

 
Health:
Karachi proper has more than 20 general hospitals, as well as several hospitals specializing in tuberculosis, skin diseases, leprosy, and epidemic diseases. There are also child-welfare centres and dispensaries, in addition to general hospitals in the suburbs.
 
Education:
Karachi has thousands of schools, of which the majority are primary schools and the rest are secondary schools. More than half of all these are privately run, the rest being run by the government. Among schools established by different religious communities are Karachi Grammar School, St. Joseph’s Convent School, and St Patrick’s High School, all of which are Christian; a school for the Parsi community; and Sindh Madressatul Islam, a Muslim school.

Education Sector:
The University of Karachi is the primary institution of higher education. It has more than 40 graduate departments in arts and sciences, as well as a graduate school of business
administration. Courses in a variety of subjects, including commerce and law, are provided by about 75 colleges affiliated to the university. In addition, there is a medical college, as well as two engineering colleges, a polytechnic institute, a college of home economics, and two teacher-training colleges.

Cultural life:
The Arts Council of Pakistan is the primary cultural institution in the city; it organizes various cultural functions, including art exhibitions, and offers training in music. The Ghanshyam Art Centre and the Bulbul Academy promote Pakistani dancing and other cultural activities. Karachi does not have well-established theatre, but amateur dramas and variety shows are frequently staged in Katrak Hall. Motion pictures are more popular, and at its peak Karachi had more than 100 cinema theatres, although it now has fewer than 10.
 
Industrial Sector and GDP:
Karachi is a province of Sindh. Ranked as a beta-global city,it is Pakistan’s premier industrial and financial centre,[with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi paid $9 billion (25% of whole country) as tax during fiscal year July 2021 to May 2022 according to FBR report. Karachi is Pakistan’s most cosmopolitan city, linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse,as well as one of Pakistan’s one of the most socially liberal city.
 
Ports of Karachi:
The Port of Karachi is one of South Asia largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation’s cargo (25 million tons per annum) located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is located on the Karachi Harbour, between Kiamiri azra langri, Manora, and kakapir, and close to Karachi main business district and several industrial areas. The geographic position of the port places it in close proximity to major shipping routes such as the strait of Hormuz. The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust, which was established in 1857. Karachi Port is a deep natural port with an 11.5 km-long navigable channel and a 12.2 meter-deep approach channel.  It provides round the clock safe navigation to tankers, modern container vessels, bulk carriers, and general cargo ships upto 75,000 DWT.  The port has 30 dry cargo and 3 liquid cargo handling berths including a privately operated modern container terminal – the Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT).  The port is handling about 26 million tons of
cargo per annum which includes 14 million tons of liquid and 12 million tons of dry cargo and 650,000 TEUs.  Presently about 1600 ships are visiting Karachi Port annually and the berth occupancy is about 45%, which shows that there is enough capacity in the port to handle more cargo. Karachi Port has a 11.5 km long, 12.2 m deep channel. It has 30 dry cargo berths, 13 berths on West Wharves, 17 berths on East Wharves and 3 liquid cargo berths for POL & Non-POL products.

Karachi Chamber of Commerce:

Karachi Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KCCI) is the premier chamber of the country, representing the mainstream of economic activities by virtue of its location in the main industrial =and commercial hub of the country. It was formed in 1959 through the amalgamation of four trade bodies in Karachi at that time, namely, the Pakistan Merchants’ Association, Buyers and Shippers’ Chamber, Chamber of Commerce Pakistan and All Pakistan Chamber of Commerce & Industry. It was registered under the Trade Organization Ordinance 1961, which regulates the working of the Trade Bodies in the country. KCCI represents the Business and Industrial Community in the city of Karachi, contributing more than 65% revenue to the national exchequer and a city of more than 22 million dwellers. It is the largest Chamber of Pakistan and the Sub-Continent. It is also considered to be among the Top 10 largest Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the world in terms of its membership base. KCCI has been successfully managed by the elected members that belong to the Businessmen Group (BMG). Best Export Companies of Karachi: Indus Pencil Industries (Pvt) Ltd. Find Suppliers Worldwide –   

Suppliers of Electronics

Z.H Ansari & Co.
Fareena Corporation (Pvt) Ltd.
Akhlaq Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd.
Nida Trading
Masvi Seafoods Pakistan
NR International (Pvt) Ltd.
Jaffarson Importers Exporters
Kainat Enterprises

Coastal City of Pakistan:
Clifton Beach also known as Sea View is a beach in Karachi , Sindh, Pakistan and is located on the Arabian Sea. It stretches from Karachi to Omara . The beach is very popular in Pakistan. It is open 24/7 for the general public. Karachi is the most prominent coastal city of Pakistan and beach lovers here have many opportunities to visit different beaches bordering the Arabian Sea. Clifton Beach is purported to give the best value in leisure and recreational opportunities for fun seekers and beach lovers. Housing Societies of Karachi:
Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan and the 12th largest in the world, with a population of over 16 million as per the 2017 national census.  However, some other sources put its population at 22 million. Karachi is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world as its population at the time of the emergence of Pakistan in 1947 was 400,000. It is the capital city of Sindh province today and remained the country’s capital before its shifting to Islamabad. Located on the Arabian Sea, it has two major seaports i.e. Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim, and Pakistan’s 95 % international trade takes place through these ports.
1-    DHA.
2-    Bahria Town.
3-    ASF Housing Scheme.
4-    Fazaia Housing Scheme Karachi.
5-    Navy Housing Scheme Karsaz.
 6-   Gulzar-e-Hijri Scheme-33.
7-    Lakhani Fantasia.
8-    Gulistan-e-Johar.

International Airport of Karachi:
Jinnah International Airport formerly Drigh Road Airport or Karachi Civil Airport,is Pakistan  busiest international and domestic airport, and handled 7,267,582 passengers in 2017–2018 Located in Karachi, the largest city and commercial capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh, it is named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the statesman founder of Pakistan.

The airport is managed by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority and serves as a hub for the National Flag Carrier and Pakistan International Airline ( PIA), airblue, and many other private airlines. The airport is equipped with aircraft engineering and overhauling.

                                                                
Police Sector of Karachi:
The department serves an area of ~140,914 km2., and has about ~128,500 police officers and staff to serve in the department. Ghulam Nabi Memon is the current Inspector-General, appointed in June 2022. 140,914 sq. km. The Sindh Police in pursuit of its mission, believes in providing quality service with the highest possible degree of excellence, based upon the principles of fairness, integrity, honesty and respect for human dignity. Considered the economic heart of the country, Karachi is the most populous city in Pakistan. The country’s progress greatly relies on the well-being of this city.
 
Considered the economic heart of the country, Karachi is the most populous city in Pakistan. The country’s progress greatly relies on the well-being of this city.
Comparing Karachi’s Global Crime Index Ranking With Other International Cities.
City Karachi
Crime Index Ranking 115
Crime Index 53.69
Safety Index 46.31

Excise, Taxation and Narcotics Control Department of Karachi.
The Excise & Taxation Department is the main revenue collecting agency of the Government of Sindh which plays a paramount role in resource mobilization. The Department has been entrusted with two functions i.e. Tax collection and Narcotics suppression. It has the exclusive authority of issuance & administering the intoxicating liquor and other intoxicating licenses.

In the province of Sindh following Taxes are being levied and collected through Excise and Taxtation Department and the taxpayers in these categories are more than 5 million.

Waste Management in Karachi
Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city, utilizes three sanitary landfill sites, while Lahore, the country’s second-largest city, has two. Other major cities plan to build proper landfill sites.
In many areas, solid waste is simply dumped outside the city limits. Solid waste management capabilities and systems vary by province. In Punjab, Lahore is the only city
with a proper solid waste management, treatment, and disposal system, which was outsourced to Turkish companies Albayrak and OzPak. Similar systems are planned for
secondary cities in Punjab province. In Sindh, Sindh Solid Waste Management Board (SSWMB) aims to improve solid waste management services in 20 cities, and regularly
announces tenders for a wide range of waste management projects in the province. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Water and Sanitation Services Peshawar (WSSP) is planning to
build a sanitary landfill. Balochistan, with a population of 6.9 million, has no significant infrastructure for waste management system. Much of Pakistan’s solid waste does not reach final disposal sites and most of the waste generated is recovered for recycling, mostly by scavengers, before it ever.
Karachi Cantonment Board have no proper Dumping site/Ground. Therefore Cantt Board hired a Land for this purpose at GTS Korangi.

Specialities of Karachi:

Karachi is the capital of Pakistani province of Sindh,situated on the Arabian Sea and serve as a transport hub and is home of two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim,as well as busiest airport in Pakistan. Originally constructed in 1883 , Bolton market Karachi is unquestionabky one of the oldest and most famous wholesale market in the country. The market is stocked with huge variety of products sold at the best price, attracting a large no of households.

Rehmat e Shireen is known around the world for its high quality sweets prepared in ghee and mewa. Hand embroided fabrics, shoes, bags and other warables along with the pottery, along with local pottery , show pieces and stone jewellery.

 Zainab Mrket is another famous market of jewellery.

Karachi is known as Pakistan’s City of Lights – even with all the power shortages – because it’s a city that never sleeps. Head out at 3 am in the heart of the city with a craving for some piping hot Nihari and some chai, and you will find roadside restaurants up and ready to serve. This coastal metropolitan city has a heterogeneous culture, distinct energy and great food – just some of the many reasons why you should visit it over Lahore or any other city.

Karachi’s Diverse Culture:

Being the largest social hub of the country Karachi has a culture of its own that is not limited to any one group of people, language, practices or norms. There are different communities that reside all over Karachi and all of their different cultures have seeped into Karachi’s large web of social intuitions. An average Karachiite could have gone to a Catholic or Parsi school, have Sunni, Shia and Hindu friends and enjoy Burmese Khao Suey served at a lunch party .

Delicious Food:

Because so many different people live here the food in Karachi has collected its flavors from many sources – yet still has its own taste. Biryani, Nihari, BBQ Kebabs, Haleem, Achar and Karahi are some of the best offerings here. The taste palate of Karachi is hot, spicy, salty and involves gravy more than curry. Seafood is popular in Karachi too as its the only major city by the sea, and fried vegetables and lentils are also common. However, its not just local cuisine that is great here. Karachi also sports many fine restaurants and cafes serving international favorites..

Issues of Karachi:

The city has suffered a lot in regards to a severe water crisis. However, if it is not managed, it could lead to violence in Karachi’s worst hit areas. Thus, the issue demands immediate attention from the ruling government.

The deteriorating public transport in the most populous city of Pakistan has also added fuel to the fire. The metro and green bus projects are still yet to be completed. As a result, traffic jams have gotten even worse. People would not have faced this issue had there been a good and decent public transport syste

Illegal settlements and land grabbing must be eradicated from Karachi. Land mafias with political support continue to be a threat. The authorities concerned should root such mafias out from the soil of the city of lights.

Nowadays every city is suffering from the big problems. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan. It is also suffering from many problems. Because of this now Karachi called as city of problems. If one problem is solved another Problem lies in wait for them. The major problems which are faced by the Karachi are transport problem, traffic problem, water crises. Electricity problem, snatching and sewage problems. These are the main problems which face by Karachi. First, we discuss about the transport problem in Karachi. Transport problem is one of the most serious problems of this city. A large number of vehicles rrole in the transport problem. Firstly, our busses are not in the perfect condition on the other hand, they overloaded their busses to collect the money. Due to this many accidents happens. Busses as well as the addition of chinqchi in the transport problem , many of the accidents happens due to the mistake of the drivers. So this is the big problem which is facing by Karachi.

 Another is a traffic problem. In Karachi there are a lot of traffic jams in every day. Generally, our people sunning on the roads and the condition of roads is not good. Busses play a greatThis problem is very dangerous for the National economy as the industries affected due to this shortfall of electricity. Currently Pakistan is facing more than 6000 megawatts due to this problem in urban areas the load shedding is being done in the regular 10-12 hours every day while in rural areas the condition is more worse than as the urban areas , in rural areas the schedule of the load shedding is about 15-16 hours, which is really too much. So due to this shortfall of electricity the lives of people of Pakistan very much problematic. Karachi also faces this problem.  

At university level, the education standard of Karachi has suffered due to lack of resources and inefficiency of the Higher Education Commission (HEC). Providing adequate funds and proper attention to the HEC can be a viable solution to promote the standard of education in this mega city.

Another problem is pollution, poor urban planning and the absence of an adequate garbage and waste disposal system have turned Karachi into the world’s filthiest city. The authorities concerned must strengthen the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) to address these issues.

Fog and humidity.

Shortage of clean water for drinking.

Conclusion:
 Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 21 million people as of April 2012. Karachi is the most populous city in the country and the world’s 3rd largest city in terms of population by city. The city credits its growth to the mixed
populations of economic and political migrants and refugees from different national, provincial, linguistic and religious origins who have largely come to settle here
permanently. It is locally termed as the City of Lights for its liveliness and the City of The Quaid, for not only being both the birth and death place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah the founder of Pakistan but also his home after 1947. Residents and those born in the city are called “Karachiites”.It is Pakistan’s centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan’s largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research.